Lunar Regions: Permittivity and Reflectivity (25

Lunar Regions: Permittivity and Reflectivity (25–100 GHz)

Regions, Coordinates, Permittivity and Reflectivity (25–100 GHz)
RegionType	Name	Latitude (°)	Longitude (°)	ε′ (25–100 GHz)	R (25 GHz)	R (50 GHz)	R (75 GHz)	R (100 GHz)	Notes
Mare	Oceanus Procellarum	18.0	-57.0	4.00	0.111	0.111	0.111	0.111	dense basaltic, typical mare
Mare	Mare Imbrium	32.0	-15.0	4.20	0.118	0.118	0.118	0.118	dense basalt; possible high ilmenite
Mare	Mare Serenitatis	27.0	18.0	3.90	0.108	0.108	0.108	0.108	basaltic, moderately dense
Mare	Mare Tranquillitatis	8.0	31.0	3.80	0.104	0.104	0.104	0.104	basaltic, typical mare properties
Mare	Mare Nubium	-20.0	-17.0	3.70	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	basaltic, somewhat finer-grained
Mare	Mare Crisium	17.0	59.0	3.60	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	isolated mare basin
Mare	Mare Fecunditatis	-8.0	51.0	3.80	0.104	0.104	0.104	0.104	basaltic
Mare	Mare Humorum	-24.0	-39.0	3.70	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	small basaltic mare
Mare	Mare Frigoris	56.0	1.0	3.50	0.092	0.092	0.092	0.092	northern mare, thinner basalts
Mare	Mare Moscoviense	27.0	148.0	3.60	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	small far‑side mare
Mare	Mare Nectaris	15.0	35.0	3.60	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	small mare basin
Mare	Mare Vaporum	14.4	-0.6	3.50	0.092	0.092	0.092	0.092	thin basalt fill
Mare	Mare Insularum	7.8	-30.6	3.80	0.104	0.104	0.104	0.104	mare near Imbrium
Mare	Mare Marginis	12.7	86.5	3.60	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	far‑side margin mare
Mare	Mare Ingenii	-33.2	164.8	3.50	0.092	0.092	0.092	0.092	far‑side mare, localized
Mare	Mare Cognitum	-10.5	-22.3	3.60	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	basaltic fill
Mare	Mare Australe	-38.9	93.0	3.40	0.088	0.088	0.088	0.088	southern mare patches
Mare	Mare Humboldtianum	56.8	81.5	3.30	0.084	0.084	0.084	0.084	northern isolated mare
Mare	Mare Anguis	22.6	67.7	3.20	0.079	0.079	0.079	0.079	small mare
Highland	Near‑Side Highlands (rep.)	30.0	-10.0	2.90	0.066	0.066	0.066	0.066	typical near‑side highland mix
Highland	Far‑Side Highlands (rep.)	0.0	180.0	2.40	0.046	0.046	0.046	0.046	porous, anorthositic dominated
Highland	Northern Highlands (rep.)	60.0	0.0	2.50	0.051	0.051	0.051	0.051	thin regolith layer, porous
Highland	Southern Highlands (rep.)	-60.0	0.0	2.80	0.064	0.064	0.064	0.064	denser than far side
Highland	Aristarchus region highlands	26.0	-47.0	3.00	0.072	0.072	0.072	0.072	local variability due to volcanism
Highland	Plato region highlands	51.6	-9.3	2.70	0.059	0.059	0.059	0.059	cratered highlands
Highland	South Pole–Aitken rim	-53.0	-168.0	3.30	0.084	0.084	0.084	0.084	denser material at rim zones
Highland	General cratered highlands	10.0	90.0	2.40	0.046	0.046	0.046	0.046	average highland value
Highland	Grimaldi region	-5.4	-68.4	3.00	0.072	0.072	0.072	0.072	dark floor, complex geology
Highland	Orientale Basin rim	-19.6	-95.0	3.20	0.079	0.079	0.079	0.079	multi‑ring basin rim
Highland	Humboldt region highlands	56.8	81.5	2.90	0.066	0.066	0.066	0.066	mixed highland material
Highland	Marius Hills (volcanic mix)	12.9	-57.6	3.10	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070	volcanic domes influence ε′
Crater	Tycho	-43.3	-11.2	4.20	0.118	0.118	0.118	0.118	young, blocky ejecta; high CPR
Crater	Copernicus	9.6	-20.1	4.20	0.118	0.118	0.118	0.118	large, well‑preserved crater at mare edge
Crater	Kepler	8.1	-38.0	4.00	0.111	0.111	0.111	0.111	young crater with pronounced rays
Crater	Aristarchus crater	23.7	-47.4	3.80	0.104	0.104	0.104	0.104	bright, volcanically influenced crater
Crater	Plato crater	51.6	-9.3	3.20	0.079	0.079	0.079	0.079	crater floor partly regolith‑covered
Crater	Clavius	-58.8	-14.4	3.10	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070	large, degraded crater
Crater	Gassendi	17.4	-39.9	3.40	0.088	0.088	0.088	0.088	mare‑flooded crater, blocky rims
Crater	Grimaldi	-5.4	-68.4	3.50	0.092	0.092	0.092	0.092	dark floor, strong radar signature
Crater	Schrodinger	-75.0	132.4	3.60	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	young basin, complex ejecta
Crater	Shackleton	89.9	0.0	2.80	0.064	0.064	0.064	0.064	permanently shadowed rim; porosity/ice possible

Regions, Coordinates, Permittivity and Reflectivity (25–100 GHz)

RegionType

Name

Latitude (°)

Longitude (°)

ε′ (25–100 GHz)

R (25 GHz)

R (50 GHz)

R (75 GHz)

R (100 GHz)

Notes

Mare

Oceanus Procellarum

18.0

-57.0

4.00

0.111

dense basaltic, typical mare

Mare

Mare Imbrium

32.0

-15.0

4.20

0.118

dense basalt; possible high ilmenite

Mare

Mare Serenitatis

27.0

18.0

3.90

0.108

basaltic, moderately dense

Mare

Mare Tranquillitatis

8.0

31.0

3.80

0.104

basaltic, typical mare properties

Mare

Mare Nubium

-20.0

-17.0

3.70

0.100

basaltic, somewhat finer-grained

Mare

Mare Crisium

17.0

59.0

3.60

0.096

isolated mare basin

Mare

Mare Fecunditatis

-8.0

51.0

3.80

0.104

basaltic

Mare

Mare Humorum

-24.0

-39.0

3.70

0.100

small basaltic mare

Mare

Mare Frigoris

56.0

1.0

3.50

0.092

northern mare, thinner basalts

Mare

Mare Moscoviense

27.0

148.0

3.60

0.096

small far‑side mare

Mare

Mare Nectaris

15.0

35.0

3.60

0.096

small mare basin

Mare

Mare Vaporum

14.4

-0.6

3.50

0.092

thin basalt fill

Mare

Mare Insularum

7.8

-30.6

3.80

0.104

mare near Imbrium

Mare

Mare Marginis

12.7

86.5

3.60

0.096

far‑side margin mare

Mare

Mare Ingenii

-33.2

164.8

3.50

0.092

far‑side mare, localized

Mare

Mare Cognitum

-10.5

-22.3

3.60

0.096

basaltic fill

Mare

Mare Australe

-38.9

93.0

3.40

0.088

southern mare patches

Mare

Mare Humboldtianum

56.8

81.5

3.30

0.084

northern isolated mare

Mare

Mare Anguis

22.6

67.7

3.20

0.079

small mare

Highland

Near‑Side Highlands (rep.)

30.0

-10.0

2.90

0.066

typical near‑side highland mix

Highland

Far‑Side Highlands (rep.)

0.0

180.0

2.40

0.046

porous, anorthositic dominated

Highland

Northern Highlands (rep.)

60.0

0.0

2.50

0.051

thin regolith layer, porous

Highland

Southern Highlands (rep.)

-60.0

0.0

2.80

0.064

denser than far side

Highland

Aristarchus region highlands

26.0

-47.0

3.00

0.072

local variability due to volcanism

Highland

Plato region highlands

51.6

-9.3

2.70

0.059

cratered highlands

Highland

South Pole–Aitken rim

-53.0

-168.0

3.30

0.084

denser material at rim zones

Highland

General cratered highlands

10.0

90.0

2.40

0.046

average highland value

Highland

Grimaldi region

-5.4

-68.4

3.00

0.072

dark floor, complex geology

Highland

Orientale Basin rim

-19.6

-95.0

3.20

0.079

multi‑ring basin rim

Highland

Humboldt region highlands

56.8

81.5

2.90

0.066

mixed highland material

Highland

Marius Hills (volcanic mix)

12.9

-57.6

3.10

0.070

volcanic domes influence ε′

Crater

Tycho

-43.3

-11.2

4.20

0.118

young, blocky ejecta; high CPR

Crater

Copernicus

9.6

-20.1

4.20

0.118

large, well‑preserved crater at mare edge

Crater

Kepler

8.1

-38.0

4.00

0.111

young crater with pronounced rays

Crater

Aristarchus crater

23.7

-47.4

3.80

0.104

bright, volcanically influenced crater

Crater

Plato crater

51.6

-9.3

3.20

0.079

crater floor partly regolith‑covered

Crater

Clavius

-58.8

-14.4

3.10

0.070

large, degraded crater

Crater

Gassendi

17.4

-39.9

3.40

0.088

mare‑flooded crater, blocky rims

Crater

Grimaldi

-5.4

-68.4

3.50

0.092

dark floor, strong radar signature

Crater

Schrodinger

-75.0

132.4

3.60

0.096

young basin, complex ejecta

Crater

Shackleton

89.9

0.0

2.80

0.064

permanently shadowed rim; porosity/ice possible

Notes:

Values are conservative, region‑typical estimates of effective permittivity (ε′) for 25–100 GHz (low dispersion assumed). Reflectivities (R) are Fresnel normal‑incidence estimates derived from ε′. Measured backscatter can differ substantially with incidence angle, polarization, surface roughness, subsurface layering or pore‑filling (e.g., ice). Typical local uncertainty: ±20–30%.